I’ve worked as a cannabis educator for a while, and there are some questions that I get pretty frequently. This post is in response to one of them.

QUESTION: I get terrible migraines from time to time. I have a prescription medication I can take for them, but it completely knocks me out, and I end up falling asleep for hours right after I take it. I’ve heard that cannabis can be used to treat migraines, but I’m not sure where to start. How can I use cannabis for my migraines?

First, let’s consider what we know about cannabis & migraines. A few studies that have looked at how cannabis can treat migraine symptoms have found that cannabis reduces the frequency and severity of migraine pain better than prescription meds, and with fewer side effects.

In one study, migraine sufferers who consumed 100mg of THC and 100mg of CBD each day for 3 months experienced about 55% less pain.  Their side effect profile was also better than people on prescription meds, with participants reporting fewer stomach aches, muscle pains, and incidences of colitis. The most significant side-effect reported was drowsiness and difficulty concentrating.

Cannabis can help treat the causes of migraines

Researchers have noticed that the brain’s serotonin levels increase dramatically right before an attack, and then fall to below-normal levels afterward.  One explanation for this is that migraines might be triggered by an over-stimulation of brain cells. This over-stimulation quickly increases the electrical signaling in the brain. The brain then immediately follows this with an electrical brain wave which slows the cells’ signals back down.  Some researchers think that this rapid change causes the blood vessels that surround the brain to quickly expand and contract. This rapid movement increases blood pressure and causes waves of intense pain. Cannabis helps to keep the blood vessels stable, preventing this pain response.

In fact, for some people, if they consume cannabis when visual symptoms like auras start, it can completely prevent the onset of a migraine.  These symptoms may indicate that a serotonin release is imminent. Consuming cannabis at that point can help to prevent it. Look for a strain that is 50:50 THC:CBD. For some consumers, high CBD will be more effective than high THC.

Inhaled cannabis will give the quickest relief, since it’s the fastest way to get cannabinoids directly to your brain. Vape a bowl, or smoke a joint if you prefer, when you first notice symptoms.  Applying a cannabis topical right on the base of your neck and temples can also help ease your tension and decrease pain.

Cannabis also fights nausea which can be a symptom of a migraine. It also helps as a sleep aid. A lack of sleep can be both a trigger for and a symptom of a migraine.

Hormone fluctuations can play a role in causing migraines

Migraines are complex neurological events that are influenced by numerous factors. Hormonal fluctuations can play a significant role in triggering these painful episodes, particularly in women. Hormonal migraines are typically linked to the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Researchers don’t fully understand the reasons for this. But we do know that these hormones affect chemicals in the brain that can lead to migraine pain.

Hormones that may affect migraines

1. Estrogen and Progesterone: These hormones influence the sensation of pain in the body. They fluctuate throughout a menstrual cycle, which can trigger migraines. A sharp decrease in estrogen levels, such as the drop that occurs in the days leading up to menstruation, is particularly associated with the onset of migraines in many women. This type of migraine is often referred to as a menstrual or hormonal migraine.
2. Hormonal Changes in Menopause: Menopause is a time of significant hormonal fluctuation. That’s why it’s a period of life when women might experience an increase in migraines. Again, this is likely due to the significant shifts in estrogen and progesterone levels.
3. Hormonal Contraceptives: Hormonal contraceptives, which regulate the menstrual cycle by adjusting hormone levels, can also impact migraines. Some women find that their migraines improve when using these forms of contraception. Others experience a worsening of their symptoms.
4. Pregnancy: Hormone levels, particularly estrogen, increase significantly during pregnancy and this can have a profound effect on migraines. Some women report a dramatic decrease in migraines, especially after the first trimester. Others might experience their first migraines during pregnancy.

Understanding the link between hormonal fluctuations and migraines can help in managing and preventing these debilitating headaches. For some people, cannabis can be an effective tool in managing their hormonal balance.

What about using cannabis as a lifestyle tool to help prevent migraines?

Juicing raw cannabis provides a variety of cannabinoid acids. These acids have anti-nausea and anti-inflammatory benefits, and are useful for migraine prevention. You can also consume cannabis oil or take a daily microdose of an edible for prevention. Just keep in mind that it’s difficult to predict the timing of an edible. Because of that, they’re not the best option to treat sudden onset migraine pain. Here are some other ways you can integrate cannabis into your lifestyle. These methods can potentially prevent or reduce the frequency and severity of migraines.

Ways to integrate cannabis into your lifestyle

• CBD Tinctures: Tinctures are alcohol-based cannabis extracts. You can apply them directly under your tongue, or add them to food or drink. They are quickly absorbed and can provide long-lasting relief. They’re not inhaled, so they might be a good choice for people concerned about the potential respiratory effects of smoking or vaping.
• Topicals: You can apply cannabis-infused lotions, balms, or oils topically for localized relief. This can be particularly useful for migraines if applied to the temples or neck. Keep in mind, however, that topical cannabis products typically don’t enter the bloodstream. This makes them more for relieving tension and pain on a local level.
• Yoga and Meditation: Some people find that combining cannabis use with mindful practices like yoga and meditation can be beneficial. CBD can potentially enhance the relaxation and focus that comes with these activities. This can potentially reduce stress levels—a common migraine trigger.
• Maintaining a Healthy Sleep Cycle: Cannabis, particularly strains rich in CBD and CBN, may help improve sleep quality. Lack of sleep can often trigger migraines. That’s why maintaining a regular, healthy sleep cycle can be a proactive way to prevent migraines. And cannabis can certainly help with sleep!
• Cannabis-infused Foods: Incorporating cannabis into your diet beyond just juicing or oils can also be an option. Cannabis-infused foods, also known as edibles, can provide long-lasting effects. They’re available in a variety of forms, from gummies and chocolates to infused cooking oils. This allows you to easily incorporate them into meals.

Seeking medical advice when necessary

Remember that cannabis is not a one-size-fits-all solution. It’s crucial to start with low doses, especially for those who are new to cannabis, and to monitor the effects. It’s also essential to consult with a healthcare provider or a cannabis-trained clinician. Cannabis can interact with other medications and underlying health conditions. The legal status of cannabis also varies depending on location. This make it important to understand local laws before using cannabis for medicinal purposes.